Generation Of Computer 1st To 5th : With Example

What Is Computer Generation? 

Generation Of Computer 1st To 5th : With Example– In early period there are big rooms that serve as Computer Centers where many Computers are installed for data processing. With the invent of digital convergence, it grows towards computer networks with large number of separate interconnected computers at sing/multiple locations that are used for sharing resources such as data, programs and equipment with anyone on similar network, irrespective of physical location of user and resources.

First Generation(1945-1955)

1.	Generation period	(1945-1955).
2.	Switching Device	Vacuum Tube.
3.	Storage Device	Megnetic Drums.
4.	Speed	333micro seconds.
5.	Operating System	Batch operating system.
6.	Language	Machine language(Binary number ‘0’s and 1’s).
7.	Characteristics	Fastest computing Device.
8.	Application	Used for Scienticfic purpose e.g. ENIAC,UNIVAC,MARK-1. e.g.

Merits of First Generation Computers

• This generation of computers was the fastest in computing work.
• Due to the Vacuum tube the concept of electronic digital computer of the present era was realized.
• Counts were done in millisecond.

Demerits Of First Generation Computers

• were big and clumsy.
• Require large ACs.
• Shows lot of electricity failure.
• Punch card was used for input and output.

Second Generation(1955-1964)

1.	Generation Period	(1955-1964)
2.	Switching Device	Transistor(Made Of Semiconductor).
3.	Storage Device	Magnetic Core Technology
4.	Speed	10micro seconds
5.	Operatig System	Time Sharing System,Multitasking Os’.
6.	Language	Assembly Language, High level Language.
7.	Characteristics	More reliable and Less Pone Failure Portable And generate less Amount Of Heat
8.	Application	Used For Commercial Production e.g. PDP-8,IBM–1400 etc.

Merits Of Second Generation Computers

• Were faster than the First Generation computer.
• Developed the first operating system.
• Smaller in size than the First Generation computers.
• consume less heat &electricity.

Demerits Of Second Generation Computers

• Business manufacturing of computer was expensive.
• Air conditioning was still needed.
• Business application of these computer was expensive

Third Generation(1964-1974)

1.	Generation Period	(1964-1974)
2.	Switching Device	Integrated Circuits (ICs) (Made Of Silicon).
3.	Storage device	Magnetic Core As Primary Storage Medium.
4.	Speed	100 nano second.
5.	Operating System	Real-Time System.
6.	Language	High Level Language(FORTRON, COBOL, ALGOL)
7.	Characteristics	Consumed Less power, Highly Sophisticated Technology Requird.
8.	Application	Database Management System e.g. NCR-395,B6500. etc.

Merits Of Third Generation Computers

• It is smaller in size than the first and second generation computers.
• Uses less power consumption.
• Uses SSI & MSI technology.
• The calculation speed was extremely fast. This computer could also calculate in Nano seconds. 

Demerits Of Third Generation Computers

• Air condition still needed.
• The technic of making ICs was extremely complex.
• Highly sophisticated technic require.

Fourth Generation(1975-1989)

1.	Generation Period	(1975-1989)
2.	Switching Device	Large Scale Integrated (LSI) Circuit & VLSI Microprocessor
3.	Storage Device	Semi conductor memory, Winchester disk.
4.	Speed	300 Nano Seconds
5.	Operating System	Time sharing, GUI Interface.
6.	Language	PASCAL,ADA,COBOL-74 FORTRAN IV .
7.	Charcteristics	More reliable and portable. this Generation Lead.
8.	Application	Distributed system, e.g. Intel 4004 chip Macintosh.

Merits Of Fourth Generation Computers

• These computers are much smaller than the older generation computers.
• No air conditioning is require & Reachable by all due to low cost price.
• maintenance costs are very  low.
• Uses different types of memories with very high accessing speed & storage capacity.
• Are virtual reality, multimedia, simulation.
• were portable and comes in use for data communication.

Demerits Of Fourth Generation Computers

• For the manufacturing of microprocessor latest technology was required.
• Due to ICS in many cases air conditioning was required.
• High quality and reliable system or technology can make only ICs.

Fifth Generation (1989 till date)

1.	Generation Period	(1989-Till Date)
2.	Switching Device	Super large scale integrated (SLSI) chip
3.	Storage Device	Optical disk
4.	Speed	1 billion bytes memory with a speed of 1.5 billion bytes a second
5.	Operating System	Knowledge Information Processing System
6.	Language	High level programming language such as – C# , Java, python, etc.
7.	Characteristics	parallel processing, Inter core microprocessor is implemented, Enables megachip
8.	Application	Artificial Intelligence e.g. robotics

 Merits Of Fifth Generation Computers

• Are used in parallel processing and superconductors.
• They used artificial Intelligence where they will use their own IQ too solve a problem at end.
• Used for scientific, commercial interactive online application, multimedia and network application.
• Are used in intelligent robot. 

Demerits Of Fifth Generation Computers

• In future Human will face unemployment using robot because robots will work in their place.
• They tend to be sophisticated and complex tools.
• The manufacturing of robot is very expensive.

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